Signs and symptoms of lipoedema

Lipoedema is caused by a buildup of fatty tissue leading to pain and discomfort. The disease usually appears symmetrical in shape and size across both legs and sometimes arms. It almost exclusively occurs in women and is often associated with weight gain that is mostly connected to hormonal changes such as puberty, pregnancy, use of birth control pills, and menopause. Lipoedema and the often associated obesity can lead to various consequences if left untreated, including mental distress, mobility issues due to joint problems, and worsening of lipoedema symptoms over time.

The buildup of fatty tissue leads to an enlargement of the legs and, less frequently, the arms. The enlargement appears symmetrical in both legs or arms.

Enlargement of the legs often results in shape disproportion – a narrow waist and larger hips and thighs. Many lipoedema patients report difficulties buying clothes due to the different sizes between the upper and lower halves of their bodies. Shape disproportions are a significant burden for lipoedema patients. You may find it difficult to accept your body as it does not fit the typical beauty ideal. Despite these challenges, it is important to focus on a healthy lifestyle and maintaining a stable weight instead of dieting, as many lipoedema patients try to lose weight with different diets and often gain more weight than before.

The feet and hands are usually not affected and appear normal. The buildup of fatty tissue suddenly stops before the ankles or wrist. This is called “cuffing” or “braceleting.”

Many lipoedema patients experience an apparent merging of the calves into the ankles, resulting in a lack of distinct ankle definition.

The affected limbs are often tender, sensitive, or painful. The reason why lipoedema causes pain is not entirely understood, but experts explain that inflammation and a lack of oxygen (hypoxia) are the most likely reasons. The buildup of fatty tissue leads to the release of specific hormones, called adipokines, which cause inflammation. Lack of oxygen is a further consequence of the build-up of adipose tissue. If left untreated, lipoedema and the often associated obesity can lead to a worsening of symptoms, significantly impacting daily activities and quality of life. Additionally, chronic stress, anxiety, and depression can affect your lipoedema symptoms, especially the perception of pain. Conversely, pain can lead to chronic distress, which may also cause inflammation, creating a vicious cycle. Therefore, psychological support has become an important element in the treatment of lipoedema. It can help you to cope with a long-term disease such as lipoedema and improve your symptoms, including pain.

The buildup of fatty tissue at the legs can impair normal gait: the legs feel heavy and may also rub against each other. Joint pain, especially in the knees or hips, is common as well.

While lipoedema has distinct symptoms, it is often confused with other conditions. A disproportional body shape without pain in the affected area is called lipohypertrophy.

It is important to recognise that conditions such as obesity, lymphoedema, chronic venous insufficiency, and gravitational edema, can appear together with lipoedema.

If you start to see symptoms of lipoedema, it is crucial to visit a Healthcare Professional for proper diagnosis. Lipoedema can’t be cured, but early treatment and prevention of further weight gain can help manage the symptoms and prevent progression.